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Palaung people

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Palaung
De'ang
A Ta'ang tribal woman near Kalaw, Shan State, Burma
Total population
557,000 (est.)
Regions with significant populations
Burma, smaller populations in Yunnan, China and Thailand
Languages
Ta'ang
Religion
Theravada Buddhism
A Burmese depiction of the Palaung in the early 1900s.

The Palaung (Burmese: ပလောင် လူမျိုး [pəlàʊɰ̃ lùmjó]; Thai: ปะหล่อง, also written as Benglong Palong) or Ta'ang (တ‌အောင်း) are one of the ancient Austroasiatic ethnic groups [1] found in Shan State of Myanmar (Burma), Yunnan Province of China and Northern Thailand. In China, they are referred to as the De'ang people. The majority of population lives mainly in the northern parts of northern Shan State in the Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone, with the capital at Namhsan.

The Ta'ang (Palaung) State Liberation Army, the armed wing of the Palaung ethnic group, began fighting against the Burmese military in 1963. It entered a cease-fire agreement with the central government in April 1991, but is currently continuing the insurgency.[2] The insurgency has become intense after TNLA actively involving in Operation 1027 which is a military offensive allied with many other revolutionary rebel forces in the country, against the Myanmar's ruling military junta. [3][4] The Myanmar millitary is believed to be derived benefit from poppy cultivation, which has caused serious drug addiction among the local people in Palaung region. [5][6]

Groups

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Palaung woman in British Burma.

There are three main subgroups of Palaung: the Palé, Shwe and Rumai.[7]

The Palé, Riang, Rumai and Shwe peoples are grouped together as the De'ang ethnic nationality. The group also includes the Danau (Danaw) who may no longer have a separate identity from the Palé.

Language

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Main article: Palaung language

There are three main principal Palaung languages: Palé (Ruching), Rumai, and Shwe (Ta'ang or De'ang). Many Palaung are multilingual, speaking multiple varieties of Palaung, Burmese, Shan, and Jingpo.[8] Use of Shan among the Palaung has declined, while younger Palaung prefer to use Burmese as a common language with speakers of other Palaung varieties.[8] The Ta’ang Committee for Literature and Culture published the first Burmese-Ta'ang dictionary in 2012.[8]

Distribution

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In Myanmar, the majority of Palaung groups of Myanmar live in northern Shan State especially in northwestern regions while some are located in the southern parts.

In Thailand, many of the Palaung in northern Thailand are refugees living in refugee camps. Many of them have fled in the past decades from Shan State to escape persecution and oppression at the hands of various Myanmar's military rulers.[9][10]

In China, the De'ang (Palaung) are found in the Zhenkang County and Gengma County.

Religion

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Majority of Palaung are adherents of Theravada Buddhism and Buddhist temples can be found in most of their towns. At the age of ten, many children are sent to the monasteries, primarily for education. Most of them return to lay life in later years.

However, some have also maintained their ethnic animist religion which is a system of beliefs based on evil spirits called nats. There has been a small amount of recent Christian missionaries work among them.[11]

See also

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Further reading

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  • Palaung Women's Organisation. (2006). Poisoned Flowers: The Impacts of Spiralling Drug Addiction on Palaung Women in Burma. Tak, Maesot, Thailand: Palaung Women's Organisation.
  • Ashley, S. (2006). Exorcising with Buddha Palaung Buddhism in Northern Thailand. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. ISBN 0-494-03309-6
  • Howard, M. C., & Wattana Wattanapun. (2001). The Palaung in Northern Thailand. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974-88325-1-1
  • Cameron, A. A. (1912). Notes on the Palaung of the Kodaung Hill Tracts of Mong Mit State. Rangoon: Govt. Printer.
  • Milne, Mrs. Leslie. (1924). The Home of an Eastern Clan: A Study of the Palaungs of the Shan State. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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Palaung village near Kyaukme, Shan State, Burma

References

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  1. ^ https://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung
  2. ^ "Ta'ang army suspends talks with govt as clashes continue". DVB. 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
  3. ^ https://asiatimes.com/2024/08/operation-1027-rapidly-changing-myanmars-security-landscape/
  4. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/10/world/asia/myanmar-rebels-military-junta.html
  5. ^ https://www.dw.com/en/opium-production-surges-in-myanmars-shan-state/a-5212924
  6. ^ https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-opium-abuse-devastating-shan-communities
  7. ^ "The Indigenous Palaung People". The Peoples of the World Foundation. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
  8. ^ a b c Badenoch, Nathan (Autumn 2016). "A tale of two dictionaries: discovering, decoding and deliberating diversity | IIAS". IIAS. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  9. ^ https://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung
  10. ^ https://taangwomen.org/where-do-the-palaung-people-live/
  11. ^ https://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Palaung
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